![]() ![]() Influenced by Ptolemy’s calculations, other scientists were able to determine the Earth’s circumference to within 400 miles of today’s more accurate measurements. One scholar, al-Razi, drew on Galen to establish psychology, pediatric disciplines, hospitals and the practice of clinical trials that used control groups. Euclid, Ptolemy and Galen were all translated from Greek into Arabic, and scholars used this knowledge to develop multiple scientific fields. In the prosperous court of the Abbasid caliphate (750 to 1258), paper, a necessary tool of the scholar, arrived in 793 from China via the Silk Roads.Īlong with other innovations in bookbinding, it allowed for an impressive output of research, writing and translation. Baghdad, the Mesopotamian “cradle of civilization,” is the first stop on the map of this journey. ![]()
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